Context
-
India joined the US-backed Combined Military Forces-Bahrain (CMF-B) — a counterterrorism coalition aimed at protecting international waters as an associate member.
About Combined Military Forces
- India becomes the 35th member of the maritime partnership that also includes Australia, Bahrain, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, the Netherlands and New Zealand. As an associate member, India will reportedly not get command of the task forces’ and will also have a limited say in planning operations.
- Established in 2001 with only 12 members, the coalition — then called the Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) — was formed as a coalition of regional and international like-minded partners to counter the threat of international terrorism and uphold the international rules-based order.
- The United States Naval Forces Central Command (NAVCENT) was tasked with leading the then CMF in 2001.
- Today, the CMF-B is primarily tasked with ensuring stability and security across 3.2 million square miles of international waters by acting against illegal non-state actors operating in vital sea lines of communication. Its scope has expanded from just counterterrorism to counternarcotics, countersmuggling operations, and suppressing piracy.
- The coalition is headquartered in Bahrain, along with the NAVCENT and the 5th fleet of the US.
- Other Asian members include Pakistan, the Philippines, Seychelles, Singapore and Malaysia.
- Participation in the CMF-B is voluntary — it’s mandated neither by a political agreement nor a military one.
- So far, India has been conducting similar anti-piracy missions on its own.
- The work of the CMF-B is divided into four combined task forces — the CTF 150, CTF 151, CTF 152, and CTF 153.
- The CTF 150 focuses on ensuring maritime security in the Gulf of Oman and the Indian Ocean.
- Participating nations have included Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Spain, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Command of CTF 150 generally rotates between nations on a four-monthly basis. It’s currently being commanded by the Pakistan Navy.
- CTF 151 focuses on counterpiracy. The CTF 152 aims to ensure maritime security in the Arabian Gulf (also known as Persian Gulf) and is currently being commanded by the Kuwait Navy.
- The CTF 153 — which was established in April 2022 — focuses on ensuring maritime security in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, and is currently being commanded by the US Navy.
Reference: The Print
Visit Abhiyan PEDIA (One of the Most Followed / Recommended) for UPSC Revisions: Click Here
IAS Abhiyan is now on Telegram: Click on the Below link to Join our Channels to stay Updated
IAS Abhiyan Official: Click Here to Join
For UPSC Mains Value Edition (Facts, Quotes, Best Practices, Case Studies): Click Here to Join