The most important articles of Indian Constitution

S. No. Elements Article
1. Fundamental Rights 14-35
2. Directive Principles of State Policy 36 – 51
3. Fundamental Duties specified for citizens of India 51 A
4. Official Language of Union Government of India – Hindi (Until it was changed to English) 343
5. Imposition of President’s Rule 356
6. Autonomous Status to the state of Jammu & Kashmir 370
7. Repeals India Independence Act and Government of India Act, 1935 395

Other Important articles you must read and get a fair idea

 

Part of the Indian Constitution Elements Article
  

I

 India as Union of States & the territories of the states 1
Admission and Establishment of New States 2
Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States 3
  

II

 Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution 5
Rights of citizenship of a certain person who has migrated to India from Pakistan 6
Continuance of the rights of citizenship 10
Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law. 11
III Definition of the State 12
Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights 13
Fundamental Rights of the Citizens of India 14-35
1.       Right to Equality 14 -18
a)       Right to Equality – Equality before the law 14
b)       Right to Equality – Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex. Or place of birth 15 
c)       Right to Equality – Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment 16 
d)       Right to Equality – Abolition of the untouchability 17
e)       Right to Equality – Abolition of titles 18
2.       Right to Freedom 19-22
a)       Guarantees to all the citizens of India

  • Right to freedom of speech and expression
  • Right to assemble peacefully and without arms
  • Right to form associations or unions
  • Right to move freely throughout the territory of India
  • Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India
  • Right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade, and business
 19 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
b)      Protection in respect of conviction for offences 20
c)       Protection of life & personal liberty 21
d)       Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases 22
Also Read:a)       Right to Information  
19(1)
b)       Right to privacy 21
c)       Right to education 21(A)
3.       Right Against Exploitation 23-24
a)       Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour 23 
b)       Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines for under the age of 14 24
4.       Right to Freedom of Religion 25 – 28
a)       Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion 25 
b)       Freedom to manage religious affairs 26
c)       Freedom as to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion 27 
d)       Freedom from attending religious instruction 28
5.       Cultural & Educational Rights 29 – 30
a)       Protection of interest of minorities 29
b)       Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions 30
6.       Right to Constitutional Remedies 31 – 35
a)       Right to property (Repealed/Abolished) 31
b)       Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights 32
c)       Power of Parliament to modify the rights in their application to Forces, etc. 33 
d)       Restriction on rights while martial law is in force in any area 34 
e)       Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,

  • Parliament shall have, and the Legislature of a State shall not have, power to make laws
  • Any law in force immediately before the commencement of this Constitution in the territory of India continue in force until altered or repealed or amended by Parliament Explanation
 35
IV Directive Principles of State Policy 36-51
1.       Definition 36
2.       Application of the Principles 37
3.       State to Secure a social order for promotion of welfare of people 38 
4.       Certain principles of policy to be followed by the state 39
5.       Equal Justice & free legal aid 39 (A)
6.       Organisation of Village panchayats 40
7.       Right to work, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases 41 
8.       Provision for just and humane conditions of work & maternity relief 42 
9.       Living Wages, etc. for Workers 43
10.    Participation of workers in management of industries 43 (A)
11.    Uniform Civil Code for the citizens 44
12.    Provision for free & compulsory education for children (stands substituted until date further announced) 45 
13.    Promotion of educational and economic interest of scheduled castes, ST, and OBC 46 
14.    Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health 47 
15.    Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry 48
16.    Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life 48 (A) 
17.    Protection of monuments and places and objects of natural importance 49 
18.    Separation of judiciary from the executive 50
19.    Promotion of international peace and security 51
20.    Fundamental Duties (originally 10 & now 11 duties by the 86th amendment act 2002)a)       to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem

b)       to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom

c)       to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India

d)       to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so

e)       to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women

f)        to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture

g)       to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures

h)       to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform

i)         to safeguard public property and to abjure violence

j)         to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement

k)       who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years (Stands not-in-force until date is notified)

 51 (A) 
V The Union 52 – 151
The President of India 52
Executive Power of the union 53
Election of President 54
Manner of election of President 55
Procedure for Impeachment of the President 61
The Vice President of India 63
Election of Vice-president 66
Pardoning powers of President 72
Council of Ministers to aid and advise President 74
Constitution of Parliament 79
The speakers and Deputy speakers of the house of the people 93
Powers, Privileges, etc of the House of Parliament 105
Special procedure in respect of money bills 109
Definition of “Money Bills”. 110
Annual Financial Budget 112
Appropriation Bills 114
Powers of the President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of parliament 123
Establishment of Supreme Court 124
Appointment of acting Chief justice 126
Supreme court to be a court of Record 129
Seat of the Supreme court 130
Special leaves for appeal to the Supreme Court 136
Review of judgement or orders by the Supreme court 137
Decision of the Supreme Court binding on all the courts 141
Comptroller and Auditor- General of India 148
Duties & Powers of CAG 149
VI The States 152 – 237
Definition 152
Governors of the State 153
Executive power of State 154
Appointment of Governor 155
Term of office of Governor 156
Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies 160
Pardoning powers of the Governor 161
Advocate-General of the State 165
Language to be used in the Legislature 210
Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances 213
High Courts for states 214
High Courts to be a court of record 215
Power of High Courts to issue certain writs 226
Appointment of District judges 233
Control over Sub-Ordinate Courts 235
VII The States (Part B) – Repealed in the 7thAmendment Act, 1956 238
VIII The Union Territories 239 – 242
Administration of Union Territories 239
Special provisions with respect to Delhi 239 (AA)
Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories 240
High Courts for Union territories 241
IX The Panchayats 243 A-O
a)       Definitions 243
b)       Gram Sabha 243 (A)
c)       Constitution of Panchayats 243 (B)
d)       Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats 243 (G)
e)       Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters 243 (O)
IX (A) The Municipalities 243 P – ZG
X The Scheduled & Tribal Areas 244
XI Relations between the Union & the states 245 – 263
XII Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits 264 – 300
Interpretation 264
Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States. 266
Contingency Fund 267
Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States 268
Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States 269
Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States 270
Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union 271
Finance Commission 280
Borrowing by the Government of India 292
Borrowing by States 293
Suits and proceedings 300
XIII Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India 301 – 307
Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse 301
Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse 302
Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304 307
XIV Services Under the Union and the States 308 – 323
Interpretation 308
Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State 309
All-India services 312
Public service commissions for the union and for the states 315
Functions of Public Service Commission 320
XIV (A) Tribunals 323 (A) – 323 (B)
Administrative Tribunals 323 (A)
Tribunals for other matters 323 (B)
XV Elections 324 – 329
  Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission 324
  No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex 325
  Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage 326
XVI Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes 330 – 342
National Commission for the SC, & ST 338
Appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes 340
Scheduled Castes 341
Scheduled Tribes 342
XVII Official Language 343 – 351
Official language of the Union 343
Official languages or languages of states 345
Languages to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts 348
Directive for development of the Hindi languages 351
XVIII Emergency Provisions 352 – 360
Proclamation of Emergency 352
Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance 355
Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States 356
Provisions as to financial emergency 360
XIX Miscellaneous 361 – 367
Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs 361
Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union 365
Definitions 366
Interpretation 367
XX Amendment of the Constitutions 368
XXI Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions 369 – 392
Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List 369
Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir 370
XXII Short title – This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India 393 – 395
Short title 393
Commencement 394
Authoritative text in the Hindi language 394 (A)
Repeals 395

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