Context

• Recently, the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) has issued a whip in Rajasthan Assembly and asked all its six Member of Legislative Assemblies (MLAs) to vote against Indian National Congress (INC) government on floor test.

BSP Stakes:

• The BSP is arguing that a state unit of a national party cannot be merged without the party being merged at the national level.
• It has termed the merger of six MLAs as illegal and unconstitutional.
• It has cited two decisions of the Supreme Court to support its arguments:

Jagjit Singh v State of Haryana 2006 case.

• In this case, four legislators from single-member parties in the Haryana Assembly, who said their parties had split and later joined the Congress.
• The court upheld the Speaker’s decisions disqualifying them.

Rajendra Singh Rana And Ors vs Swami Prasad Maurya 2007 case.

• In the 2002 Uttar Pradesh elections, 37 MLAs — one-third of the BSP strength — “split” from the party after its government fell, to support Samajwadi Party.
• The SC ruled that the split cannot be recognized primarily because not all these MLAs split at once.

Back to Basics

Paragraph 3 of the Tenth Schedule:

• The above two cases were prior to the 91^stConstitutional Amendment of 2003 which deleted the Paragraph 3 of the Tenth Schedule.
• This amendment was made as the one-third split rule was grossly misused by parties to engineer divisions and indulge in horse-trading.
• One-third was regarded as an easy target to achieve and the law now exempts defection only when it is at two-thirds (in a merger).

Experts on Merger:

• According to D.T. Achary,merger under the Tenth Schedule (anti-defection law) can take place only between two original political parties. There are two conditions that need to be fulfilled for a merger under the Tenth Schedule. 
  1. There should be a merger between two original political parties.
  2. Subsequently,2/3^rd of the members of that House belonging to that party should accept the merger. If 2/3^rd of the members do not accept it, then the merger doesn’t happen as per the law.
• According to Achary, the anti-defection law basically aims at protecting the party system and not just at curbing defection.
• Subhash C. Kashyap also agreed with D.T. Achary by saying that for a merger, the party which sets up candidates for the election is the party which has to merge under the Tenth Schedule. And one of the requirements for this is that 2/3^rd MLAs of that party should agree to the merger.
• However, Faizan Mustafa disagreed with the above position and questioned the concept of merger between two original parties. According to him, this would mean that the legislative party will not have any right to merge with anybody in any state. 
  • He referred to the definition of ‘Legislature Party’under the Tenth Schedule, which is defined as a ‘group consisting of all the members of that House’.
  • According to him, the merger has to be seen “locally” and not at the national level. Mustafa also pointed out that nowhere does the Tenth Schedule talk about how a ‘national party’ should split or a ‘regional party’ should split.

Source: Indian Express