Context:

• The proposed law would be applicable to the entire country, except in Jammu and Kashmir, It would make instant talaq punishable and would be a cognisable, non- bailable offence
• The Lok Sabha passed the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriages) Bill 2017
• Declaring instant triple talaq illegal and criminalises it with up to three years in jail for the husband.
• The bill will now will be sent to the Rajya Sabha for passage before it is forwarded to the President for assent to come into force as law

About the Bill:

• The Bill makes all declaration of talaq, including in written or electronic form (text message, email etc) to be void and illegal i.e. not enforceable in law.
• It defines talaq as talaq-e-biddat or any other similar form of talaq pronounced by Muslim husband resulting in instant and irrevocable divorce to his wife.
• It refers Talaq-e-biddat to practice under Muslim personal laws where pronouncement of word ‘talaq’ thrice in one sitting by Muslim husband to his wife results in instant and irrevocable divorce.

Offence and penalty:

• It makes declaration of talaq a cognizable and non-bailable offence i.e. offence for which police officer may arrest an accused person without warrant.
• Moreover, if Muslim husband declaring triple talaq can be imprisoned for up to 3 years along with a fine.

Allowance:

• It entitles Muslim woman against whom triple talaq has been declared to seek subsistence allowance from her husband for herself and for her dependent children.
• First Class Magistrate will decide this allowance amount.

Custody of minor children:

• Muslim woman against whom triple talaq has been declared, is entitled to seek custody of her minor children.
• First Class Magistrate will make determination of custody of her minor children.

Enlighten about the background/ judgement:

• The Constitutional bench of Supreme Court in 3:2 majority judgment (verdict) given in August 2017 had declared Islamic practice of instant divorce through triple talaq as unconstitutional, illegal and void and not protected by Article 25 (freedom of religion) of the Constitution.
• The three majority judges had held that triple talaq is manifestly arbitrary and violative of the constitution and fundamental right under Article 14 (equality before law) so it must be struck down.
• It was alleged that practise of triple talaq adversely impact rights of women to a life of dignity and is against constitutional principles such as gender equality, secularism, international laws etc.
• It also undermines gender equality is a sacred principle of our constitution and modern society.
• Even 21 Islamic theocratic countries including Pakistan, Afghanistan have abolished it.

Source:TH